The water density test is a practical and non-destructive method used to help verify if a gold item is genuine. Gold has a known density of approximately 19.32 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).
To perform the test, first weigh the gold item using a precise scale to determine its mass in grams. Then, fill a graduated cylinder with water and record the initial volume. Submerge the gold item fully in the water without touching the sides, and note the new water level. The difference in volume is the amount of water displaced, which represents the object’s volume in cubic centimeters. Divide the weight by the volume to calculate density (Density = Mass / Volume).
If the result is close to 19.32 g/cm³, the item is likely pure gold. Significantly lower values could suggest the presence of other metals or indicate that the item is fake. While this test doesn't determine karat or precise composition, it offers a quick and reliable screening method for identifying authentic gold items, especially when professional equipment isn't available.